Lighting system.



W. L. BLISS. LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION rum) JAN. 6, 1905.-

Patented Jan. 18,1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES.

W. L. BLISS.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION rum) JAN. 6, 1905.

Patented Jan. 18, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENIOR Wi/Za arn L-Blaiae WITNESSES: ybduld M ATTORNEYS WILLIAM L.BLISS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

LIGHTING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 18, 1910.

Application filed January 6, 1905. Serial No. 239,925.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WVILLIAM L. BLIss, a citizen of the United States,residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Lighting Systems, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of thisspecification.

The present invention relates to lighting systems which are adapted tobe employed for lighting cars or tr..ins by electricity.

The sysems which may be employed for lighting cars or trains byelectricity usually I employ a generator and a storage battery tofurnish the current for operating the lamps, the storage battery beingprovided to furnish the current for operating the lamps while thegenerator is inoperative. It has been the practice in manyinstanccs toprovide every necessary element of a complete lighting system upon eachcar which is to be lighted, thereby isolating the system and making thecar an independent unit inrespect to the lighting thereof. It ispossible, however, to employ a train lighting system to light several orall of the cars or units in the train, the generator being arranged uponone ofthe train units and connected to the lamps arranged upon othertrain units by a train line. It sometimes occurs that a car equippedwith an isolated car lighting system is arranged in a train equippedwith a train lighting system. It would be advantageous under suchconditions to make the isolated car lighting system a part of the trainlighting system. The present invention has for the object thereof toprovide means by which an isolated car lighting system may be'made apart of, a train lighting system.

It will be understood that the" train lighting system and the isolatedcar lighting system may be of various types, and that the means formaking the isolated car lighting system a part of the train lightingsystem may be of various forms and employed in different ways.

The present invention shall be explained by the systems which arediagrammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the views insaid drawings being as follows:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic View of the generator of a train lightingsystem driven by an electric motor. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view ofsaid generator driven by a car axle. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view ofsaid generator driven by an engine. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of twocars. one

ao'f'said cars -being provided with an isolated car lighting system andthe other with a part of a train lighting system, and Fig. 5 is adiagramma ic View of a s'a'ionary source of electrical energy.

The generator of the train lighting system is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2and 3, it being provided with an armature l and a field The fieldcircuit of the generator may be provided with a resistance 3. asillustrated in Figs. 1 and 3. The Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawingsillustrate different vrys'of driving the generator. In Fig. 1 it isdriven by an electric motor having an armature 4 and a field 5; in Fig.2, it is driven by an axle 6, and in Fig. 3 it is driven by an engine 7.The electric motor illustrated in Fig. 1 may be connected to anysuitable source of electrical energy, it being illustrated as connectedto the track and the third rail of an electric traction system. Thestarting device 9 is preferably provided for starting the motor, and theswitch 8 is preferably employed for controlling the motor circuit.

The several ways of driving the motor which have been illustrated in thedrawings have been selected merely for the purpose of disclosing theinvention. It will be understood that the generator may be driven inother ways.

The cars of the train which are to be lighted are illustrated in Fig. 4.Where the generator is driven by an axle, as illustrated in Fi 2, anautomatic regulator may be provided to confine the output thereof withinsafe limits. It will be assumed in setting forth the present inventionthat the generator of the train lighting system is driven by an axle, asillustrated in Fig. 2, so that a way of regulating the generator as thespeed of the train varies may be explained. It will be suflicient forthe purpose of explaining the invention to consider two cars, A and B,the car A being equipped with an isolated car lighting system, and thecar B being equipped with a part of a train lighting system. It will beunderstood that the train may be composed of any number of cars and 11being connected to the conductor 10 bythe jumper 15.

The isolated lighting system arranged upon the car A shall now beexplained. The generator preferably having an armature 16 and a shuntfield 17 may be driven by an axle 18, the same being connected to saidaxle in any suitable way. The storage battery 19 and the lamps 20 may beconnected to the generator or to the train line by means of a changeoverswitch which is preferably provided with switch blades 22, 23 and 24,pivoted upon central terminals 25, 26 and 27 respectively. The outerends of the switch blades are adapted to engage upper terminals 28, 29and 30 when the same are in the upper position thereof, and to engagelower terminals 31 and 32 when the same are in the lower positionthereof. \Vhile the isolated lighting system is being described, it willb assumed that the switch blades of the changeover switch are in thelower position thereof, as indicated in dotted lines. The storagebattery 19 and the lamps 20 are connected to the conductors or mains 33and 34 of a supply circuit, the conductor 34 preferably being connecteddirectly to a terminal of the generator.

The circuit-between the generator and the storage battery may becontrolled by an automatic electric switch ,having station ry contacts35 and 36 and a movable contact 37. The movable contact may be carriedby a plunger 38, and it is adapted toengage the stationary contacts 35and 36. The plunger 38 may be actuated by a winding 39 of fine wire anda winding 40 of coarse wire. The winding 40 may have one end. thereofconnected to the stationary contact 35, the other terminal'thereof beingconnected to the central terminal 25 of the changeover switch by aconductor 41. The contact 36 may be connected to the conductor 33. Thewinding 39 may be connected between the conductor 41 and a conductor42,'the latter conductor being connected between the conductor 34 andthe central terminal 26 of the changeover switch.

The generator may be regulated by a dynamo-electric regulator having anarmature 43.and a field 44, said armature being adapted to introduce acounter electromotive force into the circuit of the field 17 of thegenerator. The field 44 of the dynamo-electric regulator may be arrangedin the battery circuit in series with the'storage battery. The voltagewhich the generator impresses upon the translatin devices may beregulated, by a dynamo-e ectric regulator having an armature 45 arrangedin the translating circuit to introduce a counter electromotive forcetherein, said regulator preferably being provided with the same field asthe regulator for the generator. The dynamo-electric regulators may beset in operation by an electric motor having an armature 46 and a field47.

The field 17 of the generator may have one terminal thereof connected tothe conductor 41 by a conductor 48 and the other terminal thereofconnected to the lower terminal 32 of the changeover switch by aconductor 49. The armature 43 of the dynamo-electric regulator for thegenerator may have one terminal thereof connected to the centralterminal 27 of the changeover switch by the conductor 50, and the otherterminal thereof connected to the main'34. The armature 46 and the field47 of the regulator motor may each have one terminal thereof connectedto the conductor 48 by a conductor 51 and the other terminal thereofconnected to the main or conductor 34.

It will now be assumed that the generator 18 in operation and theautomatic electric switch is closed. The current delivered by thegenerator may then flow from the positive terminal thereof throughconductor 52, terminal 31, switch blade 22, terminal 25, conductor 41,winding 40, switch contacts 35,37, 36, conductor 33, thence dividinglythrough storage battery 19 and translating devices 20 and finallythrough conductor 34 to .the negative terminal of the generator. Theenergizing current for the field 17 of the generator'may flow from theconductor 41 through conductor 48, field 17, conductor 49, terminal 32,switch blade 34, terminal 27, conductor 50 and regulator armature 43 tothe conductor 34. The motor current may flow from the conductor 41,through conductors 48 and 51, armature 46 and field-47 to the conductor34..

\Vhen the voltage of @he generator tends to increase upon an increase inthe speed of the train, the current flowing through the battery circuitwill increase. As the strength of the field or controlling magnet 44will be increased thereby, the'counter electromotive force introducedinto the field circuit of the generator will be increased andconsequently the strengtho-f the field of the generator will bedecreased. The dynamo-electric regulator thus regulate the generator toconfine thefoutput thereof within safe limits, notwithstanding theexcessive variations in speed'to which the generator will be subjected.The counter electromotive force introduced into the translating circuitby the armature 45 will vary as the strength of the field 44 varies, andin C(TDSEQUGDCB, substantially constant voltage will be maintained uponthe translating dcvices.

The automatic switch will be closed by the winding 39 when the voltageof the generator is substantially equal to that of the battery, theei'iergizing current of said winding flowing froln the conductor 41through winding 39, and thence through conductor 12 to conductor 34.While the generator sends current across the switch, the winding t0 willassist the winding 39 in keeping the switch closed, Whenever the voltagedeveloped by the generator becomes less than that of the battery,current will flow backward through the winding 40 from the battery, andconsequently said winding will oppose the action of the winding 39,thereby causing the switch to open.

The portion of the train lighting system arranged upon car B shall nowbe explained. The local car mains 53 and 51 are connected to thecol'iductors 10 and 12 of the train line. The storage battery aaandtranslating devices 56 are connected in parallel with each other betweenthe conductors 57 and 58 of a supply circuit, the conductor 58 beingconnected directly to the conductor 54:. The circuit of the translatingdevices may be controlled by an automatic switch provided withstationary contacts 60 and 61, and a movable contact 62. The plunger 63which carries the movable contact 62 is preferably actuated by windings64 and 65, the winding 64: preferably being connected across the localmains 53 and 54, and the winding 65 preferably being connected in serieswith the switch contacts. The automatic switch operates in the same wayas the automatic switch which is arranged upon the other car.

The generator of the train lighting system may be regulated b y adynamo-electric regulator arranged upon car B and having an armature 66and a field 67, said armature being arranged in the field circuit of thegenerator to introduce a counter electromotive force therein, and saidfield 67 being arranged in the battery circuit in series with thestorage battery 55. The wheels and track or any other conductor may beemployed to connect the armature 66 of the regulator and the field 2 ofthe generator. The regulator may be set in operation by an electricmotor having an armature 68 and a field *6$),said motor preferably beingarranged between the local main 53 and the supply main 58. Vhen thevoltage developed by the generator of the train lightingv systemincreases, the current flowing through the field winding 67 to thestorage battery 55 will increase. The field strength of the regulatorbeing increased thereby,

the counter electromotive force introduced t into the field circuit ofthe generator will be increased, and in consequence the field stiengthof the generator will be decreased to confine the output of thegenerator within safe limits.

The voltage which the generator impresses upon the translating devices56 may be regulated by a dynamo-electric regulator, the armature 70 ofsaid regulator being arranged in the translating circuit in series withthe translating devices 56 to introduce a counter electromotive forcetherein. The field of said regulator is preferably the same as the fieldof the. generator regulator. When the current traversing the field 67varies, the counter electromotive force intro duced into the circuit ofthe translating devices will be varied, and consequently substantiallyconstant voltage will be maintained upon the translating devices.

The current delivered by the generator of the train lighting system mayflow from the positive terminal there-0f through conductors 13 and11,jumper 15, conductor 10, conductor 53, winding 65, switch contacts60, 62 and 61, conductor 57, thence dividingly through storgge battery55 and translating devices 56, and finally through conductors 58, 54, 12and 14, to the negative terminal thereof. 2

The way in which the isolated car lighting system in car A may be made apart of the train lighting system shall now be ex plained. The upperterminal 28 of the changeover switch may be connected to the conductor10 by. a conductor 71, and the upper terminal 29 thereof may beconnected to the conductor 12 by a conductor 72. The terminal 30 of thechangeover switch may be connected to the wheel by a conductor 73. Whenthe switch blades ofthe changeover switch' are in the upper positionthereof, the conductor 11 will be disconnected from the conductor 52 andconnected to the conductor 71, the conductor 4,2 will be connected tothe conductor 72, and the conductor 50 will be connected tothe'conductor 73. The storage battery and the translating devices of theisolate car lighting system will be disconnected rom the generator ofsaid system and connected to the generator of the train lighting system.The generator of the train lighting system may send current from thepositive terminal thereof through conductors 13 and 11, jumper 15,conductor 10, conductor 71, terminal 28, switch blade 22, terminal25,-co1 1dn ctor 41, winding 40. switch contacts 35, 37,36, conductor33, thence dividinglyfthrough trans- I l l l i finally through the cnductors 34 and 12, terminal 26, switch blade 23., t'erminal 29 andconductors 72, 12 and 1t to-the negative terminal thereof. The armature4-3 of the regulator of the isolated car lighting system lating devices20 and storage battery 19 and being connected. to the wheel throughconduetor 50, terminal 27, switch blade 24, terminal 30 and conductor73, it will regulate the generator of the train lighting system 111 thesame way as the regulator arranged upon the other car. The regulatorupon car A and the regulator upon car B being arranged in parallel witheach other, the same will regulate the generator of the train lightingsystem' without interfering with each other in the same manner as theregulators which are set forth in a patent No. 799,516 issued to meSept. 12, 1905.

lVhen it is necessary .to charge the storage batteries while the carsare at rest, the batteries may be connected to a stationary source ofelectrical ener such as is illustrated in Fig. 5 of the rawings. The carA may be provided with a charging receptacle 74 which is connected tothe terminal 28 by a conductor 75 and to the conductor 42 by a conductor76. The car B may be provided with a chargin receptacle 77 which isconnected to'the conductor 53 by a conduetor 78 and to the conductor 54by a conductor 79. The charging receptacles are adapted to receive acharging plug 80 which may be connected to the electric line illustratedin Fig. 5. The conductor 81 of the electric line may be connected to thecharging plug by a conductor 82 and the conduetor 83 thereof may beconnected to one terminal of a switch by a conductor 84, the otherterminal of said switch being connected to said plug.

\Vhen the batteries are to be charged, the generator of the trainlighting system may be disconnected from the train line by a switch 86.If the plug 80 be inserted in the socket 74, current may flow from theconduetor 81 through conductor 82, In 80, receptacle 74, conductor 75,termlna 28,

switch blade 22, terminal 25, conductor 41, winding 40, switch contacts35, 37, 36, conduetor 33, storage battery 19, field 44, conductors 34,42 and 76, receptacle 74, plug 80, switch 85 and conductor 84 to line83. If the plug 80 be inserted in the socket 77, current may flow fromthe conductor 81 through conductor 82, plug 80, receptacle 77, conduetor78, winding 65, switch contacts60, 62 and 61, conductor 57, storagebattery 55, field 67, conductors 58, 54 and 79, receptacle 77, plug 80,switch 85 and conductor 84 to the line 83. K

It will be understood from the system which has been set forth that if acar which 5 stem may be of various forms, so far as tlie genericfeatures of the invention are concerned.

It will be understood that the invention as defined by the claims ofthis application may be applied to various forms of isolated carlighting systems and train lighting systems.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a car lighting system, in combination, a generator, an automaticregulator for said generator, a storage battery, translating devices. anautomatic switch adapted to connect said storage battery and saidtranslating devices to said generator, all combined into a system andarranged upon a car or single train unit and a switch, by means of whlchsaid storage battery, said translating devices and said automatic switchmay be removed from operative relation with said generator and connectedin operative relation with a generator arranged upon another train unit.

2. In a car lighting system, in combination, a generator, an automaticregulator therefor, a storage battery, translating devices, an automaticswitch adapted to connect said storage battery and translating devicesto said generator, all combined into an operative system arranged upon acar or single train unit and a changeover switch,

by means of which said automatic switch, said regulator, said storagebattery and said translating devices may be removed from operativerelation with said generator and connected in operative relation with ageuerator upon another train unit in such manner that said regulator andsaid automatic switch shall perform the same functions in relation tothe last mentioned generator as the same did in relation to the firstmentioned generator.

3. In a car lighting system, in combination, a generator, an automaticregulator for said generator, a storage battery, translating devices, anautomatic switch adapted to connect said storage battery and saidtranslating devices in operative relation to said generator, allcombined into an operative system and arranged upon a car or singletrain unit, electric connections arranged upon sald car and arranged tobe connected to a generator arranged upon another train unit and achangeover switch adapted to remove said automatic switch, said storagebattery and said translating. devices from operative relation with thefirst mentioned generator and connect the same to said electricconnections in such manner as to arrange the same in operative relationto the last mentioned generator.

4. In a car lighting system, in combination, a. generator, an automaticregulator therefor, a storage battery, translating devices, an automaticswitch adapted to opera,- tively connect said storage battery and saidtranslating devices to said generator, all combined into anoperative-lighting system arranged upon a car or single train unit,electric connections arranged upon said train unit and adapted to beconnected to a generator upon another train unit, and a changeoverswitch adapted to remove said automatic switch, said automaticregulator, said storage battery and said translating devices fromoperative relation with said first mentioned generator and connect thesame to said electric connections in such manner that said automaticswitch and said automatic regulator may perform the same functions inrelation to the last mentioned generator as the same did in relation tosaid first mentioned generator.

5. In a lighting system adapted for lighting cars, in combinationa'generator, a storage battery, translating devices, means forregulating the voltage impressed upon said translating devices, meansincluding a switch arranged between said generator and said storagebattery for connecting said storage battery to a stationary source ofelec-- tr1ca1 energy independent of said generator,

ary source of e e'ctrical energy whenever the voltage of said source ofelectrical energy becomes less than that of said storage battery.

6. In a car lighting system, a generator, a storage battery, translatingdevices, a dynamo electric regulator adapted to create a counter-electromotive force in the circuit of said translating devices to regulate thevoltage impressed thereon, means including a changeover switch arrangedbetween said storage battery and said generator for connecting saidstorage battery to a stationary source of electrical energy independentof said generator, and an automatic switch adapted to disconnect storagebattery from said source of electrical energy whenever the voltage ofsaid source of electrical energy becomes less than that of said storagebattery.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presenceof two witnesses.

WILLIAM L. BLISS.

Witnesses:

J. V. RoBEm'soN, HERBERT J. SMITH.

